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Toadflax is generally considered a conspicuous but relatively unimportant weed, however, it is on the noxious weed lists of many western provinces and states. In Nova Scotia the weed seems to be increasing, particularly in pastures and strawberry fields.
Calophasia lunula, a defoliating moth was successfully introduced to Nova Scotia in releases from 1984-1991 and can be found throughout the province (McClay and De Clercke-Floate, 2002).
A release of Gymnaetron antirrhini at St. Croix was considered successful, however current status is unknown.
No recoveries were made from St. Croix of previous releases of Eteobalea serratella (Sampson and McSween, 1992), however moths were observed in 1999 from a 1995 release (McClay and De Clerck-Floate, 2002). Interest in Mecinus janthinus, a biocontrol agent in western Canada on Dalmation toadflax which also feeds on yellow toadflax, will be persued this comming field season.
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